From 16th-century Angola’s nganga-ia – transvestite priests with unchecked power – to Brazil’s Supreme Court equating transphobia with racism, history echoes.

No Reino do Congo, travestis eram autoridades sagradas e intocáveis. Hoje, STF equipara transfobia a racismo e persegue críticos.

The transatlantic slave trade’s return to Western Christendom intertwines with Portu-guese commerce, New Christian networks, and shifting definitions of identity that compli-cate modern narratives of victimhood and perpetration.

Cristãos novos portugueses dominaram o tráfico de escravos (1595–1640) e reintroduziram a escravidão na cristandade.

Jewish Marranos fled persecution to Brazil, became bandeirantes, and mixed with Tupi Indians. The Inquisition lost, the forest won.

Judeus perseguidos fugiram para o Brasil, viraram bandeirantes e se misturaram aos índios. A Inquisição perdeu, os tupis venceram.

Portugal importou arabismos e escravidão da África; Brasil só virou polo escravista após inde-pendência da Espanha em 1640.

Portugal trajo del mundo islámico la “alforria” y el azúcar con esclavos; Brasil se llenó de africanos cuando España perdió el control portugués.

Brazil’s slavery was uniquely Portuguese – shaped by centuries of African contact, Arab loanwords, and a legal system where manumission was common.

Because we are accustomed to green madness, we often overlook simple environmental issues.